Restricting the Production, Distribution, and Sale of Pornography in Ca

Many women cause been mistreated at one point or another in their lives. This form of abuse assumes many forms and is not perpetually visible to the naked eye. unmatchable of these such hardships that women of the 20th century have had to face is the struggle for disturbity. In Canada, the submit of Rights and Freedoms affords women full equality before and at a lower place law and equal egis and benefit of the law.1 But yet, this hunting lodge openly contributions to the production, sale, and distribution of lampblack which implies that women are second class citizens. Destroying these stereotypes which portray women as slaves, objects, toys, and mindless, sex-driven beings moldiness be accomplished in order for women to attain true equality. The censorship of pornography is not in violation of the Freedom of Expression guaranteed in office 2 (b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms since pornography drastically compromises a womans right to equal treatment as was proven by the R v. Butler feeling of 1992, it makes those portrayed in pornography subject to acts of violence, and it corrupts the moral fiber of society. During the 1960s and 70s, North America saw the rise of a counterculture movement which instigated societal change. During this time period, the Womens acquittance movement was able to record females as being equal to males in virtually every aspect. It is this movement that educated society about the role of women in society being equal to the role of man. Many people however, now consider that womens liberation has been achieved but this is far from the case. Despite being officially appreciate as contributing members of society (achieved in 1982 with the final draft of the Constitution Act), as section 28 of... ...11 ib. Pg. 793 12 ibidem Pg. 793 13 Ibid. Pg. 793 14 Baird, Robert M. and Stuart E Rosenbaum. Pornography - Private Right or Public Menace. Pg. 51 15 Ibid. Pg. 52 16 Ibid. Pg. 52 17 Kaihla, Paul. Sex and the Law. MacLeans. Pg. 31 18 Statistics obtained from Angus Reid Website. See Works Cited List 19 Ibid. 20 Orr, Lisa. Censorship Opposing Viewpoints Pg. 186 21 Ibid. Pg. 191 22 Ellen Harris, Lesley. Highlights of Bill C-128 - kid Pornography 23 Kaihla, Paul. Sex and the Law. MacLeans. Pg. 32 24 Ibid. Pg. 32 25 Ibid. Pg. 33 26 Ibid. Pg. 33 27 Baird, Robert M. and Stuart E Rosenbaum. Pornography - Private Right or Public Menace Pg. 52 28 Ibid. Pg. 52 29 Canadian Government Report. Report of the extra Committee on Pornography and Prostitution. 30 Ibid. Restricting the Production, Distribution, and Sale of Pornography in CaMany women have been mistreated at one point or another in their lives. This form of abuse assumes many forms and is not always visible to the naked eye. One of these such hardships that women of the 20th century have had to face is the struggle for equality. In Canada, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms affords women full equality before and under law a nd equal protection and benefit of the law.1 But yet, this society openly contributions to the production, sale, and distribution of pornography which implies that women are second class citizens. Destroying these stereotypes which portray women as slaves, objects, toys, and mindless, sex-driven beings must be accomplished in order for women to attain true equality. The censorship of pornography is not in violation of the Freedom of Expression guaranteed in section 2 (b) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms since pornography drastically compromises a womans right to equal treatment as was proven by the R v. Butler ruling of 1992, it makes those portrayed in pornography subject to acts of violence, and it corrupts the moral fiber of society. During the 1960s and 70s, North America saw the rise of a counterculture movement which instigated societal change. During this time period, the Womens Liberation movement was able to establish females as being equal to males in virtual ly every aspect. It is this movement that educated society about the role of women in society being equal to the role of man. Many people however, now consider that womens liberation has been achieved but this is far from the case. Despite being officially recognised as contributing members of society (achieved in 1982 with the final draft of the Constitution Act), as section 28 of... ...11 Ibid. Pg. 793 12 Ibid. Pg. 793 13 Ibid. Pg. 793 14 Baird, Robert M. and Stuart E Rosenbaum. Pornography - Private Right or Public Menace. Pg. 51 15 Ibid. Pg. 52 16 Ibid. Pg. 52 17 Kaihla, Paul. Sex and the Law. MacLeans. Pg. 31 18 Statistics obtained from Angus Reid Website. See Works Cited List 19 Ibid. 20 Orr, Lisa. Censorship Opposing Viewpoints Pg. 186 21 Ibid. Pg. 191 22 Ellen Harris, Lesley. Highlights of Bill C-128 - Child Pornography 23 Kaihla, Paul. Sex and the Law. MacLeans. Pg. 32 24 Ibid. Pg. 32 25 Ibid. Pg. 33 26 Ibid. Pg. 33 27 Baird, Robert M. and Stuart E Rosenbaum. Pornography - Private Right or Public Menace Pg. 52 28 Ibid. Pg. 52 29 Canadian Government Report. Report of the Special Committee on Pornography and Prostitution. 30 Ibid.

Essay --

Intercultural relationships are sites where cultural differences, power, privilege, and positionality are negotiated, translated, and converted. Intercultural relationships explain the action of ii subtletys intermingling with distributively other. Cultural appropriation is a form of intercultural interaction that involves a person using someone elses culture in his or her possess way. Cultural appropriation often results in the commodification, decontextualizing, depoliticizing, and the erasure of traditions and cultural significance. It is simply not enough to state that the political context of cultural symbols is important. When people engross cultural symbols out of historical context it makes cultural traditions trivial. The unquestioned sense of entitlement that white Americans display towards the artifacts and rituals of people of color exists too. All appropriation is not still an example of cultural sharing, an exchange between friends that takes place on a level playing field (Bedi). One type of cultural appropriation is culture jamming, it is a term usu all(prenominal)y used to engage in opposition to an understood appropriation of public property, or as a answer against social conformity. While most culture jamming focuses on critiquing political or advertising messages, some people use this tactic in a more positive, musical form of jamming that brings together artists and activists to create new forms of cultural production. These cultural interactions are effected by many influences. Cultural space for example influences the mindset of both others and us. Cultural space is the communicative practice that construct meanings in, through and about particular places (Sorrells). Cultural space is what determines how you dress in a r... ...fferent music and surrounding cultures. All of the members within the group had different perspectives allowed for framing, inquiry, and position. We all engrossed ourselves in dialogue and found t hat we understood the appeal for each music type. This activity promotes an emphasis on intercultural praxis to create not only an environment for co-existence, but also promote multiculturalism. Multiculturalism includes action. Action, is the last step of intercultural praxis, it uses all of the other steps to form a clear understanding of communication to actually change the world we live in. The final action for this assignment was a fun activity to promote understanding and develop communication skills. Intercultural praxis helps people of different backgrounds and value systems to understand through communication how to navigate challenge everyday conflicts.

Charles Mingus in the 1950s Essay -- Biography Bio Jazz

Charles Mingus in the 1950sCharles Mingus is one of the most original and influential jazz composers of the twentieth century. He created the second-largest people of jazz work after Duke Ellington (McDonough 20), and is the first African-American composer to have his work acquired by the Library of Congress (Harrington B1). Mingus is known for his unusual style of composing and playing, which seek to reconcile jazz improvisation with orchestration, in order for the final composition to conform most closely to his vision. Also, Mingus liberated the bass from its mundane quality of memory time, turning it into a fully versatile instrument as capable of stating the theme as the horns. While forging a new role for his instrument, he also forged a new style of jazz, one that acknowledged the influence of bebop but did not cater solely to that genre. Instead, Mingus music incorporated a wide range of styles, from Ellingtons big band sound, to gospel music, to early New Orleans jazz ba nds. At the same time, he imbued modern sentiments and an vanguard feeling into his music. In the 1950s, his music made several important aesthetic and technical advances, punctuated by the release of numerous influential albums. These productive years were life-or-death in shaping Mingus sound, as he fully incorporated gospel elements into his music and developed a means of composing and working with his musicians that allowed for endless innovation.In the 1940s, Mingus had made great strides in developing his style of composing and playing, creating works such as Mingus Fingers, which was performed by the Lionel Hampton orchestra and recorded. In this composition, the bass has a prominent role in developing the theme, an unusual departure from... ... Pithecanthropus Erectus. Liner notes. Atlantic Recording Corporation 1956.Mingus, Charles. Beneath the Underdog . New York Alfred A Knopf, 1971.Moon, Tom. The Black Saints Epitaph. Musician Jun. 1989 60-121.Perry, David. bop Great s . London Phaidon Press Limited, 1996.Priestley, Brian. Mingus A Critical Biography . New York Da Capo Press, 1982.Simon, Marcel-Franck. Annotated Mingus discography. http//www.siba.fi/mingus/mfsimon.htmlWest, Hollie I. Charles Mingus. The Washington Post 14 Jan. 1979 P1.West, Hollie I. Jazz Bassist, Composer Charles Mingus, 56, Dies. The Washington Post 9 Jan. 1979 C4.West, Hollie I. grieve Mingus His Widow Stokes the Fires of His Legend. The Washington Post 9 Oct. 1979 C3.Zenni, Stefano. The music of Charles Mingus in California. http//www.siba.fi/mingus/zenni/survey.html.

The Unknown Citizen :: essays research papers

The Un cognise Citizen Is MeThe Unknown Citizen, a meter written by W.H. Auden, reflects a period of vast change in the Statess history, making The Unknown Citizen an example of the judicatures view of the perfect modern man in an overrated, unrealistic society. During the time period that this poem was written, in the late 1930s, The coupled States was going through tremendous social, political and economic change. Following the passing of Black Monday and at the onset of The Great Depression, umpteen Americans held negative opinions of their government and the many positive aspects that once drew citizens to the United States were becoming increasingly negative. The Great Depression fundamentally changed the relationship between the government and its people. Citizens began to expect and accept a larger federal role in their lives and the economy. During this time period, Americans were issued cards with a personalized federal numbers, better known as Social Security cards, wh ich in turn depersonalized the political system of the United States.We the people, see our government as a coalition between our leading and ourselves, leaders that we elect to represent and enforce our values. They merely see us a number. This issue emerges currently with regard to the election of the next president of the United States. The entire issue deals not with the citizens wants and needs, but with the numbers. We are no longer individuals, but merely a vast pool of insignificant numbers. numbers game that only become imperative when the disparity between them is diminutive. Was he free? Was he happy? The challenge is absurd Had anything been wrong we should certainly have hear (Auden). This question is still being asked today, the only difference now is that there is no doubt whether or not the opinions of the masses are being heard. The question remaining is whether or not the government is actually listening to the people.This poem also expresses that government mak es it seem that everyone else is doing the right thing, so you must take in in their footsteps and if you do so your reward is a happy and fulfilled life with all the comforts of the modern man. The standards are constantly changing so that you will never reach the optimum point, therefore you must always strive to improve. This can be seen in the 2000 Presidential Race. We the people have followed the akin uniform procedures in determining our presidents since the founding of our country, yet we are now being told these standards are outdated and unreliable, which in turns breaks down our corporate trust and the faith of other countries in our political system.

Drama in Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo

Drama in piece 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is centred around three main themes. The love between Romeo and Juliet combined with the hatred between their families. Romeo and Juliet is also about fate and destiny. In the prologue Romeo and Juliet are referred to as a pair of star-crossed lovers. These themes are all closely linked and have consequences which eventually result in Romeo and Juliets deaths. The chosen perspectives are the closely important in the play. The actions in these scenes create a lot of tension and are central to the plot. In the first scene Tybalt is given a evidence to want to fight Romeo. Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time and instantly fall in love, only to be driven apart in the second scene when Romeo is banished as a consequence of a fight this is immediately after they have secretly married. These scenes are closely linked, as the main action in act 3 scene 1 i s a direct consequence of something which happened in act 1 scene 5.Shakespeare is a skilful dramatist. In the scenes he uses contrasting ways of gripping the audiences attention. Shakespeare uses a fast paltry plot of only four days he consciously shortened the source cloth to create effect. This makes it easier to act out as well as creating more drama. It shows how passionate Romeo and Juliet are. The shortened plot grips the audiences attention as there is always something of elicit happening. The audience are shocked at how quickly things happen there is always suspense as to what will happen next. Shakespeare has given thought to the horizon of act 1 scene 5 he c... ...acle and creates dramatic irony. This helps the audience feel involved as they have information the characters dont and it creates suspense as we reckon for the characters to find out what we already know. Shakespeare creates tension and suspense throughout the whole play. Thi s means we are constantly gripped and there is always something happening. This is helped by the fast moving plot which Shakespeare conscientiously created. Tension and suspense is a key aspect to the two key scenes and I think Shakespeare creates a lot of it and in an impelling way. Shakespeare also very cleverly bases the two pivotal scenes around opposing themes which is dramatic in its own form. Overall I feel Shakespeare is a very skilful dramatist and knows how to grip the audiences attention using a variety of techniques, in different ways.

Drama in Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo

Drama in Act 1 Scene 5 and Act 3 Scene 1 of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is centred around three main themes. The distinguish between Romeo and Juliet combined with the hatred between their families. Romeo and Juliet is also about fate and destiny. In the prologue Romeo and Juliet are referred to as a pair of star-crossed lovers. These themes are all nigh linked and have outgrowths which eventually result in Romeo and Juliets deaths. The chosen scenes are the most important in the play. The actions in these scenes create a lot of strain and are central to the game. In the first scene Tybalt is given a reason to want to fight Romeo. Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time and instantly crepuscle in love, only to be driven apart in the second scene when Romeo is banished as a consequence of a fight this is immediately after(prenominal) they have secretly married. These scenes are closely linked, as the main action in act 3 s cene 1 is a direct consequence of something which happened in act 1 scene 5.Shakespeare is a skilful dramatist. In the scenes he uses contrasting ways of gripping the auditory modalitys attention. Shakespeare uses a fast moving plot of only four days he consciously shortened the source material to create effect. This makes it easier to act out as well as creating more drama. It shows how passionate Romeo and Juliet are. The shortened plot grips the audiences attention as in that location is always something of interest happening. The audience are shocked at how quickly things happen there is always suspense as to what will happen next. Shakespeare has given thought to the position of act 1 scene 5 he c... ...acle and creates dramatic irony. This helps the audience feel involved as they have information the characters dont and it creates suspense as we wait for the characters to find out what we already know. Shakespeare creates tension and suspense throughout the unit of measurement play. This means we are constantly gripped and there is always something happening. This is helped by the fast moving plot which Shakespeare conscientiously created. Tension and suspense is a key feel to the two key scenes and I think Shakespeare creates a lot of it and in an effective way. Shakespeare also very cleverly bases the two pivotal scenes around opponent themes which is dramatic in its own form. Overall I feel Shakespeare is a very skilful dramatist and knows how to grip the audiences attention using a course of techniques, in different ways.

College students should wear a uniform Essay

When we were at elementary take until senior high school day, we wore coherent as our identity. But when we go to college we took off our similar and changed it into free ardor of clothes. Some hoi polloi said that changeless is not good for college savant because college students are mature enough to choose what they want to wear and also we forget pay more to buy uniform. But I think erosion a uniform is more effective and uniform provide keep student from social jealousy. There are some reasons why college student should wear a uniform 1) wearing uniform is more effective and would keep everyone from wearing inappropriate clothes. I think student should at least anticipate professional. By wearing sweatpants and hoodie it makes college students not work at as hard. We testament look like a student at school if we wear an appropriate shirt, like uniform. Not one with wholes or too much cleavage.2) Wearing uniform in college can affect psychological of student in a posi tive way. Why do people like police man, pilot, marine, army, and all people who are part of society wear uniform when they work? It is because when they wear a uniform, they can clearly see what they are, what they are responsible for, and what they jobs are. We can grade the same thing to college student. They will be more responsible for being a student and they can clearly see that they are part of school and society. 3) No differences. If college students wear a uniform there will no differences between rich students and poor students. Poor student will enjoy their school life without thinking about clothes and style. Thus, college students should wear a uniform because wearing uniform is more effective.OutlineTitle College students should wear a uniform in order to avoid social jealousy. Thesis statement But I think wearing a uniform is more effective and uniform will keep student from social jealousy. There are some reasons why college student should wear a uniformTopic sent ence When we were at elementary school until senior high school, we wore uniform as our identity. 1st Reasons wearing uniform is more effective and would keep everyone from wearing inappropriate clothes. second Reason Wearing uniform in college can affect psychological of student in apositive way. 3rd Reason No differences. disproof Some people said that uniform is not good for college student because college students are mature enough to choose what they want to wear and also we will pay more to buy uniform. Respond to opposite But I think wearing a uniform is more effective and uniform will keep student from social jealousy. Conclusion Thus, college students should wear a uniform because wearing uniform is more effective.

Dar es Salaam Essay

WHY STUDENTS TEACHERS IN TANZANIA STUDY HISTORY OF EDUCATION DAVID E. MSHANA DEC. 2012 Education according to Nyerere (1967), refers to the contagious disease from one generation to the next the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the society and to prep are young people for their future membership of the society and their active friendship in its development. In other way it can be defined as a process of dogma, training and learning especi all in ally in schools or colleges to improve knowledge and develop skills. (Oxford Advanced learners Dictionary, 6th Edition).Education is the process of acquiring and developing desir satisfactory knowledge, specific skills, positive attitudes and values. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) record is the study of the records of all past human experiences, as defined by a number of historians. It is concerned with political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural which have shaped and given birth to mankind. History of education can be defined as the study of the past development of educational systems, theories and institutions within the general historical framework of political, social, economic, scientific, technological and cultural change.(Thungu, J. et al, 2010) REASONS WHY STUDENTS TEACHRERS STUDY HISTORY OF EDUCATION First of all, studying record of education answers teachers to be in improving quality of education and strengthen schoolmaster competence. Studying history of education prepares teachers to explore and critically examine alternatives education theories, practices and culture so as to objectively determine what is acceptable. (Thungu, J. et al, 2010) Likewise, past experience help teachers to be to influence current decisions today.History of education helps teachers to be to improve decision making and judgment. Through it two advantageously and bad examples of decision are given. History of education offers the opportunity from past example of the others through which formulation of policies to suit the current education systems are made. Moreover, helps to draw comparison of assorted educational ideas and to show the development of various educational theories and practices in educational context.Through comparison one is able to show the development of a particular scheme and practice in historical context and demonstrates a particular condition out, which such a theory arose, the specific function that a practice was think to serve. (Thungu, J, et al, 2010) History of education provides the opportunity to see how society has changed over centuries. It provides a better understanding of people and culture. Tanzania in particular, education system has been changing from quantify to time as for instance objectives of indigenous education are different from the post colonial era.Through it, teacher to be can be able to show the difference objectives of education basing on different generation. (http//www. wikipedia. history of education/) Helps to cultivate the art of self expression, communication, inquiry, objective thinking and ability to judge on the side of the teachers to be. It enables in the developing the attitude of mind that distinguish the educated person, the habit of skepticism and criticism of thinking with perspective and objective of judging what is good or bad, as well as weighing the pros and cons.(Thungu, J. et al. 2010) Studying history of education enables student- teachers in choosing suitable methods and strategies when in classroom environment or context. Student-teachers to be in good impersonate to avoid static methods of teaching and learning, at the same time theory improve the tradition methods to match with current situation. (http//www. wikipedia. history of education/) Also, it exposes the student-teachers to other discipline such as history, Christian religion education, oral literature, sociology and psychology.This helps in enriching the analysis of important educational ideas. (Thungu, J. et al, 2 010) It enables student-teachers in integrating both theoretical and practical education. Understanding the context of historical events engender the spirit of realism. Through various education theories creates or build good basis in implementation of curriculum. (Thungu, J. et al 2010) Then, it helps in establishing the sound knowledge and skills set in which teachers will be able to build as they are exposed to different life experiences.For instance, having studied a history of education in a certain society, a student-teacher will be in a good position to handle the students of that society effectively and efficiently. (http//www. wikipedia. history of education/) Studying history of education helps student-teachers to translate information and judgment, experience and wisdom into relevant knowledge that a student can understand, retain and pass to others. Generally, Studying history of education for the teachers to be is of great importance to their prospects of teaching. Hist ory of education is part and parcel of the teaching profession, if a teacher wants to be effective and efficient.REFERENCES http//www. wikipedia. history of education/ 13th, Jan, 2011 1108 am Ishumi, A. G. M. , (1978), Education and Development, Dar es Salaam National Printing Company Limited. Lema, E. et al (2004), Nyerere on Education, Dar es Salaam Oxford University Press Mushi, A. K. (2009), History and Development of Education in Tanzania, Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam University Press Oxford Advanced scholars Dictionary, 6th edition, (2000). Thungu, J. et al (2010), Mastering PTE Education, Nairobi Oxford University Press.

Change and the Management of Change Essay

throw ManagementPlanning, Implementing, controlling, and reviewing the movement of an organization from its current state to a advance unrivaledCauses of ChangeExternalIncremental (Evolutionary)Occurs slowly over time (fuel-efficient cars)Dramatic (Revolutionary)Can cause many lines especially if unexpectedMight lead to resume rethink of operation of organization o line of descent Process Re-EngineeringBusiness ProcessRe-EngineeringFundamentally rethinking and redesigning the processes of a business to achieve a dramatic improvement in performanceGlobalization-Increasing interdependence for countries economies through free trade and multinational company investment unsanded opportunities to sell products in other countriesIncreased competition from products made more(prenominal) cheaply in other countries-often by multinationalsUse either pan-global marketing for localization strategiesAchieve and try to maintain a competitive advantageTechnological Advances-Leading to new pr oducts and new processesProducts new computer games, iPods and iPhones, hybrid-powered cars.Processes robots in fruit computer assisted design (CAD) in design offices and computer systems for stock control.Staff retraining secure of new equipmentAdditions to product portfolio-Other products may be droppedNeed for quicker product development which may require new organizational structures and teamsMacro-Economic Change-Fiscal Policy, Interest Rates, Business CycleChanges in consumers disposable incomes-and demand patterns that result from thisBoom or recession conditions-need for extra capacity or rationalismNeed for flexible production systems (staff flexibility) to cope with demand transformsExplain need for extra capacity or need to rationalizeDeal with staff cutbacks in way that encourages staff who go on to accept change Legal ChangesChanges to what can be soldWorking hours and conditionsStaff training on company policyFlexible working hours and practicesCompetitors ActionsNe w productsLower pricesHigher promotional budgetsEncourage new ideas from staffIncrease efficiency by staff accepting need to change production methods look into resources available to meet challengeEnvironmental FactorsIncrease green consumerismIncreasing concern about industrys contribution to climate change fond and environmental audits supported by strategic changes (recycle packaging)InternalOrganizational ChangesDelayering*Matrix structure** replaces hierarchicalRetraining of less senior staff to accept more responsibilityJob securityRetraining staff in teamwork and cat managementRelocationMoving operations to another region/country tediousness schemes for workers who lose their jobsGrants for those willing to moveCutting Costs To Improve CompetitivenessCapital-intensive rather that labour-intensive methodsRationalisation of operationsRetraining staff to operate advanced tech.Redundancy schemes for workers who lose their jobsFlexible employment contracts and working practices* DelayeringRemoval of one or more of the levels of hierarchy from an organizational structure **Matrix StructureAn organizational structure that creates working class teams that cut across traditional functional departments Level of HierarchyA stage of the system of rulesal structure atwhich the personnel on it have equal shape and authorityFactors Causing Resistance to ChangeFear of Unknown (Uncertainty)Fear of Failure (Skills/Abilities beyond workers capabilities)Losing Something of Value (Income, Status, Job Security)False Beliefs (Some convince themselves current system will work to avoid risks)Lack of Trust (Past experiences between workers and managers)Inertia (Might have to work harder)Strategies to Reduce Impact of/Resistance to ChangeChange ManagementForce-Field AnalysisAn analytical process used to map the opposing forces within an environment (such as a business) where change is taking place1.Outline final cause for change2.List forces for and against change3.Assign estimated score for each forceWeighs importance of forcesHelps identify who is most likely impacted by changeHow to strengthen forces supporting conclusiveness and reduce forces against it Can implement leadership style that reduces opposition and resistance to change Project ChampionA person assigned to support and drive a project forward. Their role is to explain the benefits of change and assist and support the team putting change into practiceProject GroupsCreated by an organisation to address a problem that requires input from different specialistsPromote Change1.Establish a sense of urgency.2.Create an effective project team to lead the change.3.Develop a vision and a strategy for change.4.Communicate this change vision.5.Empower people to take action.6.Generate short-term gains from change that benefit as many people as possible.7.Consolidate these gains and produce even more change.8.Build change into the culture of the organisation so that it becomes a natural process.

Nursing Informatics at All Levels of Patient Care

The development of nursing informatics was inevitable. As a field of fact, nursing informatics is a growing discipline, defined as the use of information technologies in relation to those functions within the purview of nursing, and that are carried out by nurses when performing their duties. Therefore, each use of information technologies by nurses in relation to the care of their patients, the administration of health care facilities, or the educational preparation of individuals to convention the discipline is considered nursing informatics (Turley, 1999).Nursing is a scientific discipline with a focus on information or knowledge. Hence, nursing informatics, too, is focused on the easy access of crucial information to nurses. Indeed, nursing informatics has the power to embrace all pieces of information that a nurse would require at any time. Whether it is patient data or information about medicines that is required by a nurse at any given time, the help that information engin e room can provide in accessing required information, cannot be discounted. No longer does the nurse have to flip through book after book to perplex needed information at a time of emergency.No longer does he or she have to go searching for doctors when electronic communication is specify to ease the functioning of healthcare facilities (Nelson, 2005). Nursing informatics also allows teaching nurses to impart education more effectively to their juniors. It is a fact, after all, that information applied science allows for accurate information to be stored and retrieved. Thus, Meadows (2002) predicts an increasing use of information systems in the healthcare profession. I would add to the prediction that since nursing informatics is a innovational use of technology in healthcare, all areas of patient care (including my own) would benefit tremendously by its use. Errors will be checked more easily by appropriate use of IT. In appoint of fact, I predict a general improvement in hea lthcare as a direct outcome of nursing informatics.ReferencesMeadows, Ginny. (2002, November). Nursing informatics an evolving specialty. NursingEconomics.Nelson, Darrick. (2005, February). More than a pocketful of knowledge a family practice groupuses integrated mobile technology at the point of care to improve decision-making and patient care. Health Management Technology.Turley, James P. (1996, December 22). Towards a Model for Nursing Informatics. Journal ofNursing Scholarship.

Sakae Sushi Business Plan

BU2005 entrepreneurship Sakae Sushi Business Plan By Lu Mi (12668064) Zhou Ke Jun (12618536) Aditya Nandal (1266) Mayank Bhardwaj(12669440) mayank. emailprotected jcu. edu. au Executive Summary This report tins an analysis and evaluation of the electric current and prospective commercialiseing, gross sales strategy, target customers, production cost, expenses and capital requirements of Sakae Sushi. It is an in depth report that discusses active the rise of Sakae Sushi as one of capital of Singapores major(ip) restaurant chains.This report dialog ab break through the methods implemented by Sakae Sushi to attract customers during the cartridge clip of the Asian financial crisis. This report contains financial statements of Sakae Sushi it as well as contains information related to the costs involved in running the business, i. e. expenses, salaries and cost of raw materials, etc. It also contains information ab aside the commission team of Sakae Sushi and it provides insights of the industry and the fellowship on the whole. Also discussed here ar the sundry(a) products and services offered at Sakae Sushi and the methods implemented by them to promote and advertise their brand to the pack.At the end there are a few questions addressed to the Chief Executive Officer of Sakae Sushi, Mr. Douglas Foo Peow Yong, which will help us to gain first hand knowledge about Mr. Foo and also about Sakae Sushi. It will also help young and budding entrepreneurs to understand how to analyze the market and make right decisions from time to time. Table of contents 1. Introduction 2. Overview of the fabrication 3. Insights on the Company 4. Market/Product Positioning 5. Products and Services offered 6. selling (4 Ps) 7. Sales 8. Business festering Status 9. Production Process 0. Suppliers 11. mental faculty training and requirements 12. Expenses and Capital Requirements 13. Balance Sheet 14. Income bidding 15. Cash F gloomy Statement 16. Balance sheet & cash flow sta tement of Sakae Holdings 17. Financial Highlights 18. management Profile 19. Board of handlers 20. Funding Request and Exit dodging 21. Risks and Contingency intend 22. Recommendations Introduction Sushi is a Japanese specialty that consists of boiled vinegar strain wrapped around by a sheet of seaweed usu tout ensembley dry seaweed. Sushi is the just about celebrated Japanese diet found outside Japan.In Japan sushi is portray as a traditional food, the Japanese people enjoy various types of sushi during several occasions. For example oshi-zushi, which is do by pressing fish onto the sushi rice in a wooden box, inari-zushi is a very simple and most inexpensive type of sushi in which the rice is filled into deep fried tofu, chirashi-zushi is a nonher configuration of sushi in which seafood, mushrooms and vegetables are added over the sushi rice (Japan-guide. com, 2008). The main ingredients involved in preparing sushi are Shari that consists of short white-grained Japanes e rice mixed with a dressing consisting of rice-vinegar, cultivated cabbage and salt.Next ingredient is Nori, which is basically black seaweed wrappers it is a type of algae very common in the harbors of Japan. It mostly involves the use of fish tuna, being the most common and also the chefs specialty. Other seafoods deal shrimp, octopus, squid and crabs are used in preparing sushi. There stomach be much ingredients added to sushi by entirely adding them to the rice before it is rolled with the seaweed. One can use the bamboo mat for make the sushi roll (Japan-guide. com, 2008). Sakae Sushi was first introduced during the Asian financial crisis when close to all of the major Asian economies were going through a phase of turmoil.Mr. Douglas Foo Peow Yong, the Chief executive officer of Sakae Sushi assailable the first branch of his now famous chain of restaurants in 1997 at Raffles Place, Singapore. At that point in time many would take thought of it as a very dangerous bus iness and a great guess, but the company did exceptionally wholesome to maintain its image in the market and they established themselves as a street fighter competitor among other food chains. They managed all this by providing excellent quality customer service and serving one of the most delicious sushi dishes in the city.Sakae sushi took the feeling of many Singaporeans and there innovative idea of serving sushi on the conveyor belt attracted to a greater extent and more than customers, not but the Japanese people life sentence in Singapore but also tourists from all over the world visiting Singapore being a tourist hotspot. Many foreigners visiting Singapore were in search of great ambience and good quality fine dining cuisine, which was served at Sakae Sushi and the hospitality of the staff at Sakae sushi do their customers visit them more often and also recommend them to their fellow colleagues and friends. Overview of the IndustryMr. Douglas Foo would never have imagi ned that taking a gamble of launching his business during tough times would have stipendiary of so much and help him reach such(prenominal) heights, as during the times of recession it is always very hard to enter a untested market and sustain in the market, but his hard survey along with the compassion and commitment of his colleagues and their dream of becoming the best in the business not only allowed the business to flourish during hard times but in payable(p) course it also became one of the most famous and trusted restaurant in qSingapore and also in different parts of Asia. Mr.Douglas Foo implemented his business idea with full dedication and attention and he also engrossd his business at low profit margins, which helped him attract more customers including the budding middle class and also students to enjoy great tasting authentic Japanese cuisine sitting at home in Singapore. He saw that his business was doing well in Asia and this made him think of expanding outside Asia. He started of with the United States of the States but due to the world financial crisis in 2008 his dreams of doing well in the States were shattered and it was hard to sustain the business in New York.Mr. Foo being a great Entrepreneur spotted the difficulties early on during the financial crisis and he finally decided to shut d protest operations at the Chrysler building in New York. Insights on the Company Mr. Douglas Foo introduced the first branch of Sakae Sushi at Raffles place in Singapore in the year 1997, knowing its going to be a tough fight Mr. Foo never backed out. He worked really hard along with his team to penetrate into the market and establish Sakae Sushi in the country.To attract customers they unplowed the prices low in comparison to other competitors, which attracted more customers and soon went on to open new outlets one by one and finally immediately they testify more than 30 outlets in Singapore but he did not stop here, his plans of becoming world re nowned motivated him to open new outlets in Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines and the Peoples Republic of China, with intentions of entering North Korea and also looking to operate in the United States of America in the near future (Apex-Pal International, 2009).They open up many branches in the suburban areas of Singapore, which gives a clear idea of them trying to reach out to the masses this is another reason for their winner. To grow along with the solid growing new generation, Mr. Foo introduced several other chains apart from sushi, he opened chains like Sakae Teppanyaki, Sakae Izakaya, The Pasta shop by Sakae, Hibiki and also for surreptitious sector parties he introduced Nouvelle Events and they soon became one of the best caterers in the whole of Singapore.The innovative idea of using conveyor belt to serve food met with a huge conquest and attracted customers who were looking for a great ambience to enjoy delicious food. He also introduced Sakae Delivery that enabled people to even order sushi at their home by calling Sakae Sushi adoptly. Their good quality food, safe environment and customer friendly service allowed them to achieve high customer bliss, thus making them one of the best restaurant chains not only in Singapore but in many different parts of Asia (Apex-Pal, 2003). Mr.Foo does not just want to stop here he has plans enter other Asian markets like North Korea that has strong monopoly power and also he still hopes for achieving success in the United States of America. Market/Product Positioning Sakae sushi not only serves sushi but it also has a variety of products that were introduced by Mr. Foo to maintain domination in the market. He knew very well that Singapore being a tourist nation attracts many foreigners who have different taste buds, so he introduced various other signature dishes that suit the taste buds of the customers.To keep up with the demand they keep on innovating and introducing new offers and new antece dents every month for example they started with Soba theme for the month of April which involved several Soba food specialties like soba soup, soba salad and soba cheese rolls, and the best part is that all of these items are affordable even for the middle class. At some stores they even serve free meals on every first Sunday of the month for the young children.Its strategic to attract the young generation and todays generation loves to have fast food so they introduced variety of burgers like Teriyaki Chicken, Unagi and Salmon Mango, the school going children and college students also cherish such delicacies provided to them at likely prices. Sakae sushi also runs several sushi buffets for each meal of the day like lunch buffet, teatime buffet and dinner buffet for every member of the family from children to youth to large(p) they cover all the generations. Their customers love the availability of different desserts with several fruity flavors and they are even healthy.The vast varity of desserts offered like se identical with red bean, vanilla with chestnut, mango tree and strawberry, etc. are cherished by one and all, thus the people enjoy coming to Sakae Sushi again and again (Apex-Pal International, n. d. ). Marketing Marketing is an art and light of mixing up of elements such as appealing products, competitive prices, convenient places/locations, and promotions to comprise the basic building blocks of the firms offer to the market (Noel Capon, 2009, p. 11). Marketing basically involves 3 types of taste, i. e. Consumer, goal and system orientation.All three orientations need to go hand in hand so as to achieve golden success for any firm and this is exactly the case of Sakae Sushi. Mr. Douglas Foo and other members of the management team were able to address all three orientations very well and were able to nominate such a brand in Singapore that now has operations in some of the major economies of Asia. The marketing mix of services marketing incl ude 4 Ps that are essential to effectively market a product to the prospective target market, the 4 Ps are namely Product, Place, Promotion and Pricing.For any firm to excel in its marketing efforts it needs to focus on these 4 Ps so as to effectively market their product and create a well-established brand image. (Please refer to appendix 1. 1) Product The term product refers to the tangible physical products as well as services that include decisions to be made regarding the brand name, styling, packaging and design, etc. of a product. The way Sakae Sushi has brought about a change to this concept is something for which the management at Sakae Sushi deserves a great round of applause.Introducing an already known product to the customers in a totally new way and effectively marketing it to the masses by introducing a totally new concept of conveyor belt is something to learn from. It not only requires creativity but also innovation at its best, so that whatever hard work is put in is reflected by the craving the customers have for their sushi (Lovelock, 2007). Price The train of competition in todays world is very high and everything costs a great amount of money as compared to the past.So to effectively market out a product to the customers out of the 4 Ps, price is a very important aspect that needs to be taken into consideration as it extend tos the demand of a goodness inversely. If the price is more then the demand for a good falls and vice-versa, so to increase the sales pricing should be competitive, and Sakae Sushi has done exactly the same by introducing the Sakae Buffet at competitive prices for different days of the week so that every sushi liver gets to eat all what they crave for. PlacePlace or dissemination strategies are concerned with making products available to the customers where and when they want them (Charles W. Lamb et al. 2008,pg. 46). Sakae Sushi outlets in Singapore are located at strategically important and accessible places, s o that their customers need not walk miles in search for good food. Being located at many of Singapores prime locations and almost all outlets accessible by M. R. T, it makes Sakae Sushi the preferred choice for the working class of Singapore in areas such as City Hall, Dhoby Ghaut and Orchard during peak office hours.Sakae Sushi targets those areas to operate their stores where they find a potential target market also keeping in mind other areas in close vicinity. Promotion Promotion represents the methods of confabulation that a marketer may use to provide information to different parties about his product. Promotion comprises of elements such asadvertising,public affinitys,personal sellingandsales promotion. To gain most out of the target market and potential customers, various sought of promotions need to be given out form time to time so as to keep the interest of the customers alive.Sakae Sushi has done enough advertising campaigns and has offered its customers with new them es every month so that their customers never get bored of the same old dishes. By introducing Sakae Signatures, Sakae Buffet and Sakae Lunch Mix N Match, etc. they try to offer more and more to their customers so that the customers can go bad in eating more delicacies without having to worry about their pockets. This has revolutionized the service industry. They also offer burgers and pastas so that they can expand their target market customers and let more people crave for mouth-watering delicacies (Lovelock, 2007).SWOT Analysis Strengths Well-established brand in terms of customer satisfaction and also they provide quality service. Market leaders and trendsetters in terms of addressing the needs of the customers by bringing new and apt themes and promotions every now and then that is according to the demands of their customers. Managing high sales revenue without charging hefty prices to their customers. sacred and honest staff that always looks to serve the customers with a smi le. Weaknesses The business structure is highly complex in terms of operations and the cost of maintenance is also high.Providing on the job training to their employees also costs a lot of money. Opportunities Can look to capitalize on the advantage they have over their competitors as a well-established brand. They also have good tie-ups in foreign countries including major Asian economies like China. Their company is a well-recognized company listed on Singapore stocktaking Exchange. Threats Competitors can copy their business idea and try to monopolize on it. The competitors can offer jobs to their employees at their own restaurant. It is also difficult to keep up with the ever-changing demands of the customers.Sales Effectively marketing a product is only one side of the coin, the other side of the coin is the sales strategy that is implemented by a company so as to acclivity revenues by increasing sales. All the marketing efforts can go down the drain if a company fails to cap italize on the efforts put in by the marketing team. Main motive of any company is to earn profits and this can only be achieved by boosting sales, and to boost sales it is very important to come up with fancy promotions and schemes so that the customers are lured into indulging themselves with the products offered by the company.By introducing Sakae Sushi membership and giving Sakae brain to the customers for S$38 and still managing to give the customers value worth S$55 is a good step taken by the management. The card not only gives bonus value, but it also can be used to avail discounts and other promotions from Sakae Sushi outlets, this keeps the customers craving for more and more new delicacies and keeping a look at new offerings.Various schemes and promotions like The Sakae buffet, Min N Match, chock up-Thru lineup and Self Collect and Save help Sakae Sushi to maintain high standards of customer satisfaction and this in turn motivates them to bring up new themes for each m onth of the year. For example the theme for the month of April is the Soba theme. New promotions, new monthly themes and discounts help boost sales and as the past records show Sakae Sushi has done well enough to maintain the stream of profits and also innovate to perfection (Dalrymple, 2000). Business Development StatusSakae Sushi was stared in the year 1997, since then it has grown tremendously and expanded and reached out to other countries like Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam and China etc. Douglas Foos ambition is to turn Sakae into a major food franchise and to be considered as the McDonalds of sushi worldwide. After starting its first branch in Raffles place (business district of Singapore), it has now opened more than 15 branches in Singapore alone. In 2001, Sakae opened its first overseas outlet in Thailand, a joint venture with a Thai food company and other local partners.By 2002, Sakae was in Indonesia as well and was grossing annual revenue of around $23 million SGD. For the financial year cease 31 celestial latitude 2009, the concourse reported revenue of SGD88. 8 million and net profit of SGD3. 3 million (Theresianto, 2008). In 2001 Sakae Sushi opened its first Drive through restaurant in Trade Hub 21 in Jurong east MRT station. Sakae Sushi tends to open their branches near MRT stations so as to attract the crowd and the ordinary travellers. In 2006 Sakae sushi decided to expand its business to north Korea, Mr.Foo made his first visit to North Korea in 2001 as part of a Singapore Manufacturers conspiracy delegation and has maintained the contacts he made then. He believes it will be business as usual, and he might step up talks with his North Korean business partners on plans to take his sushi outlets there and bring North Korean cuisine to Singapore. In 2003, Sakaes parent company Apex-Pal was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange. Apex-Pals food businesses, of which Sakae is the flagship brand, represented over 95% of the companys revenues.In August, Apex-Pals Initial Public Offering (IPO) set out 16. 5 million shares, of which 836,000 were for public investors and the rest for institutional investors, clients and company employees (Business Times, 2004). Production Process The rice used for the sushi served in our Sakae Sushi restaurants, unlike most conventional sushi restaurants, is enriched with Vitamin E. Their experience chefs are able to produce a consistent level of quality for all dishes served in Sakae Sushi, thus raising the level of confidence their customers have in their restaurants.To maintain high level of quality and incrustation, raw food is not rotated on the kaiten (conveyor belt) for more than an hour, and cooked food for more than two hours. This standard of freshness is maintained through a color-coding system. For the regular dishes, the staff can immediately identify plates, which have been on the Kaiten (conveyor belt) for too long using our color-coded system. In rela tion to the premium red plate dishes, as the quantity of such premium dishes is much smaller compared to the regular dishes, our chefs personally monitor these dishes using our color-coded system.Their aim is to provide their customers with unique, hassle-free dining experience at Sakae Sushi restaurants. The dual-directional conveyor belt upon which the sushi dishes are displayed was designed to both maximize the seating space available and to provide customers with efficient service. self-service hot water dispensers are located at each table and at each station of the kaiten (conveyor belt) for customers to fill their complimentary cups of green tea.Also installed is the interactive menu system at most of the restaurants from which customers can surf the menu containing both illustrations and descriptions of the dishes before placing their orders directly with the kitchen through the ordering system on the interactive menu. Where logistic difficulties affect the installing the in teractive menu system at any booth portable, the intercom ordering system is installed instead, thus maintaining the high level of force in service. Sakae Sushi adopts a simple two-tier pricing structure in relation to their kaiten sushi.Sakaes simple price structure proved to be very popular. The legal age of sushi dishes were priced at S$1. 90 and premium dishes at S$6. 50, which made Sakae more affordable than other Japanese restaurants. Suppliers The decrease in purchases from them in FY 2001 and FY 2002 is due to Sakae Sushis ability to secure alternative sources of those products at lower costs. To reduce their reliance on All plumping Trading Co. and to diversify our supplier sales booth for seafood, they began to purchase seafood from Surapon Foods Public Company Limited and LianHup Fish Merchant Co. n FY 2001 and FY 2002 respectively. These purchases helped them increase the turnover, which was also due to the increase in the number of Sakae Sushi restaurants. In sum t o Marukawa Trading, they also purchased frozen food products from Tomo-Ya Japanese Food Trading, Shimaya Trading Pte Ltd and Moon marine Singapore Pte Ltd who supply Sakae Sushi with frozen food products. The amount of purchases made by the Company from each of these three suppliers was relatively constant for the last three financial years (Apex-Pal International, 2009).The following are the suppliers for Sakae Sushi All Big Trading Co. (All Big Frozen Food Pte Ltd) Seafood Marukawa Trading Dried / frozen food products Tomo-Ya Japanese Food Trading- Frozen food products Shimaya Trading Pte Ltd Frozen food products Moon Marine Singapore Pte Ltd Frozen food products Surapon Foods Public Company Limited Seafood LianHup Fish Merchant Co. Seafood Staff training and requirements Sakae Sushi provides all new employees with a complete orientation and training which is specific to their positions.New full-time operations staff, for their FB outlets and, those of the franchises is sen t to ITE-certified On-The-Job Training (OJT) schools to be trained by Sakae Sushis special OJT trainers. The OJT schools have been certified by ITE to be able to conduct OJT for our staff working in their FB outlets. Such training involves the training and coaching of new employees by supervisors and managers through hands-on learning at the OJT schools. This type of training allows new employees to start out the postulate skills within a short period of time, without go forth their work place.Apart from kaiten sushi, the restaurants also serve ala-carte dishes. All members of the service staff are trained with the necessary skills and menu knowledge to provide a consistent level of customer service and to assist our customers in food selection as and when called upon to do so. Sakae Sushi also conducts refresher courses for their staff. Part-time service crew is given on the job training by our qualified trainers (Apex-Pal International, 2009). Expenses and Capital Requirements The main expenses of Sakae sushi are the purchase of the raw materials from its suppliers.Since the raw materials have no fixed cost F B have to face variable cost of the raw materials. Since the prices of the items on the Sakae Sushi menu cannot be changing constantly, Sakae sushi have to find different ways to maintain their cypher and expenses. Every time Sakae sushi opens a new branch it has to incur certain costs like furniture, rent, labor, electricity, operating costs etc. Thus the capital required to open every new branch is different and may vary from places to places and from time to time. In the year 2011 Sakae Sushi spent around S$40,000,000 on the property, build and equipment.Also the labor cost in Singapore is considerably much higher than most countries, so it is harder to start an F B based business like a Sakae Sushi restaurant in Singapore. Balance Sheet (Apex-Pal, 2003) Income Statement (Apex-Pal, 2003) Cash Flow Statement (Apex-Pal, 2003) Balance sheet and cash flow statement of the Sakae Holdings The Groups cash and bank balances as at 31 December 2011 stood at $6. 1 million, a decline of $6. 4 million during the year, due to increase investment in property, plant and equipment with the construction of new central kitchen in Singapore and setting up of a headquarter in Malaysia.The Group has also made investments in associates in the beginning of the year, which was funded by bank loans. Shareholders equity stood at $27. 2 million as at 31 December 2011 (Full Year Financial Statement And Dividend Announcement n. d. ). The Group was in a negative working capital position of $5. 9 million as at 31 December 2011 due to short-term revolving loans balance of $10. 3 million, which are renewable at maturity. The Group has repaid some of the revolving loans during the year (Full Year Financial Statement And Dividend Announcement n. d. ). Financial Highlights A.Actual (000) Results200420052006200720082009 Revenue45,16151,90566,64583,83893,804 88,817 Profit/ leaving before tax2,7964,7436,6973,485(3,695)3,336 Profit/Loss attributes to share holders2. 0853,6845,0812,261(3,748)3,262 Non-current assets4,8334,62712,43318,51619,87630,852 Non-current liabilities30128942159058610,088 Shareholders equity10,76213,57620,51516,39811,15320,256 Net assets per share10. 0912. 7414. 4511. 557. 8614. 26 Earnings per share1. 963. 463. 741. 59(2. 64)2. 30 B. Expected (000) Results201020112012 Revenue71,69583,644. 1790,058. 03 Profit/Loss before tax2,893. 672,909. 942,604. 4 Profit/Loss attributes to share holders2,104. 172,107. 361,844. 59 Non-current assets15,189. 5016,915. 5818. 963. 68 Non-current liabilities2,045. 832,336. 642,677. 91 Shareholders equity15,443. 3316,223. 5616,664. 81 Net assets per share11. 8312. 1112. 01 Earnings per share1. 741. 701. 40 (*Projected Figures based on previous year average) (Apex-Pal International, 2009) Management Profile Board of Directors Douglas Foo Peow Yong (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) Foo Lilian (Executive Director and Executive Vice President) Andy Ong Siew Kwee (Non-Executive and Independent Director)Lim Chee Yong (Non-Executive and Independent Director) Chan Wing Leong (Non-Executive and Independent Director) visit Committee Lim Chee Yong (Chairman), Chan Wing Leong, Andy Ong Siew Kwee Nominating Committee Lim Chee Yong (Chairman), Chan Wing Leong, Douglas Foo Peow Yong Remuneration Committee Chan Wing Leong (Chairman), Lim Chee Yong, Douglas Foo Peow Yong Company Secretaries Rachel Ng Meijing (CPA, Singapore), Chan Lai Yinb (ACIS) (Apex-Pal International, 2009) Board of Directors Aboard of directorsis a body of choose or appointed members who jointly oversee the activities of acompany(Robert, H. , 2000).Other names includeboard of governors,board of managers,board of regents,board of trustees, and board of visitors. It is often only if referred to as the board. In a stock corporation, the stockholders elect the board and it is the highest management authority of a company. In anon-stock corporationwith no general voting membership,e. g. , a university, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution (Robert, H. , 2000). The duties of the board of directors of Sakae Sushi are as follows * Establishing policies and objectives. * Selecting, appointing, supporting and reviewing the performance of thecompany. Ensuring the availability of financial resources. * sanction annual budgets. * Accounting for the performance of the company. * Managing salaries and compensation of the employees. MANAGEMENT Mr. Douglas Foo Ms. Foo Lilian Mr. Lim Chee Yong Mr. Andy Ong Siew Kwee Mr. Chan Wing Leong MR. DOUGLAS FOO (Chairman and Chief Executive Officer) Mr. Douglas Foo has been a Director of the Group since 17 February 1997. As Founder and chief executive officer of the Group, he manages the overall management, strategic planning and business exploitation functions of the Group. Mr.Foo started his career as a marketing executive but with h is talent and entrepreneurial skills he was able to come up with an idea of opening a garment trading business which was not really successful, so a year after he thought of getting into the food and beverages industry by opening the first branch of Sakae Sushi and has since developed Apex- Pal into a successful enterprise that it is today (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MS. FOO LILIAN (Executive Director) Ms. Foo Lilian was appointed as Sakae Sushis Executive Director on 2nd May 2002 and is responsible for the general management of the Company. Ms.Foo handles the Groups leasing, business development and legal matters. She is also responsible for the consultancy, maintenance and research and development work for all IT-related matters of the Group. In 1997, Ms. Foo conjugate the Central Provident Fund Board where she was a database administrator until February 2000. She also worked with the Keppel TatLee Bank Limited as an assistant manager. Ms. Foo left Keppel TatLee Bank Limited to join Sakae Sushi in January 2001 (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MR. LIM CHEE YONG (Independent Director) Mr. Lim Chee Yong was appointed as our Independent Director for Sakae Sushi on 14 July 2003.From October 1982 to April 1987, Mr. Lim served as a senior corporate banking officer in Overseas Union Bank Limited. In May 1987, he joined Banque Paribas, Singapore Branch as a deputy manager of banking, where he stayed until April 1989. He was appointed an executive director of Alliance Technology and Development Limited, a company listed on the Main Board of the SGX-ST, in May 1989. Mr. Lim left Alliance Technology and Development Limited in March 2000. Mr. Lim is also an individual director of Twinwood Engineering Limited, a company listed on the SGX- CATALIST, from 1997 to 2007 (Apex-Pal International, 2009). MR.ANDY ONG SIEW KWEE (Independent Director) Mr. Andy Ong Siew Kwee was also appointed as Sakae Sushis Independent Director on 14 July 2003. Mr. Ong is the CEO of ERC Holdi ngs Pte Ltd. ERC is a leading player in the education industry in Asia. He oversees the regional development as well as the merger and acquisition activities of the firm. He is also the Founding President of the Financial Planning Association of Singapore, a professional body for financial services that issues world-renowned Certified Financial Planner marks. He has written several best-selling books on financial management and business (Apex-Pal International, 2009).MR. CHAN WING LEONG (Independent Director) Mr. Chan Wing Leong was appointed as an Independent Director on 30 April 2005. Mr. Chan holds an honors degree in Economics from the University of Singapore. He started his career in the Administrative Service of the Singapore Government in 1981, and has held stints in several government posts in the Ministry for Trade and Industry and Economic Development Board, as well as in Government- linked Corporations. Mr. Chan was an investment banker in the late 1980s to 1995 at Schrod ers PLC and Bankers impudence Corp in both Singapore and Hong Kong.In 1995, he returned to Singapore to be Chief Financial Officer of Sembawang Corporation until 2001 (Carter, 2008). Funding Request and Exit Strategy In December 2007, Sakae opened its first outlet in the United States at the Chrysler Building in New York, its 61st outlet worldwide. Initial S$3 million had been invested by Apex-Pal in the outlet. The outlet did not to well because of tougher times and they have since then shut down their operations in USA. Initially, because of the companys small size, Mr. Foos strategy for Sakaes expansion was to enter into franchise agreements.As the company grew, the company also utilized a strategy of foreign direct investments in those countries where such investments were feasible and also welcomed by the respective governments. Global economic crisis occurred in 2008 and Sakae found its margins reduced by high prices for commodities such as rice and vegetables. The company cu t salaries and executive pay but decided against staff layoff. A profit of S$2. 3 million in 2007 was followed by a net loss of S$3. 8 million, in 2008 due to rising rentals, salaries and commodity costs. It was Apex-Pals first annual loss.Sakae introduced cost cutting measures such as finding new food suppliers, minimizing shoot a line and tightening other operational practices. The company returned to making profit in 2009, posting a S$3. 3 million profit. Risks and Contingency Planning The Starting Point It is vital that any organization takes development and maintenance, disaster recovery and business continuity plans seriously. It cannot be left until it develops into a serious problem. Impact Assessment One of the first tasks to be undertaken is to prepare a comprehensive list of serious issues that can affect the normal operations of a business.This list should include all possible issues no matter how likely they are to occur. Since Singapore is an island one of the major r isk factors can be floods. Developing the Plan Once the assessment stage has been completed, the structure of the plan can be established. The plan will contain a range of milestones to move the organization from disrupted status to return to normal operations. The first important milestone is about dealing with the aftermath of a disaster. The following(a) stage is to determine which business functions need to be resumed.The plan will be detailed, and will identify key individuals who should be familiar with their duties (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Testing the Plan Once this plan has been developed it must be subjected to rigorous testing. The testing process must be properly planned and should be carried out in a suitable environment to produce authentic conditions. Those who would undertake the major activities of the business should test the plan. The test procedures should be documented and the results recorded. This is important to ensure that feedback is obtained for fine-tuning the Plan.Personnel Training This stage is dependent upon the development of the plan and the successful testing of the plan. It is necessary that all personnel are aware of the plan, its content and their own related duties and responsibilities. Again, it is important that all personnel take the disaster recovery plan seriously, even if the events that would trigger the Plan seem unlikely. Obtain feedback from staff in order to ensure that responsibilities and duties are understood, particularly those that require dependency on others actions (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Maintaining the PlanThe plan must always be kept up to date and applicable to current business circumstances. This means that any changes to the business process must be properly reflected in the plan. Someone must be assigned responsibility for ensuring that the plan is maintained and updated regularly and should therefore ensure that information concerning changes to the business proces s are properly communicated. Any changes or amendments made to the plan must be fully tested. Everyone should be kept abreast of such changes that affect their duties (The Contingency Planning Guide, 2002). Recommendations To develop business in America and to attract American customers its important for the Sakae group to develop some American friendly food like Sakae beef burgers, hot dogs, rolls and other food loved by the people there, this will affect the revenue that Sakae can make in that country. * In countries like North Korea, they should find local partners to work out a good franchising option. * Conduct more on the job training activities to enrich the employees to possess all the required skill to excel in their job. * Expand their product base and standardize their products across all their branches to lower their costs. Conduct extensive market research to identify the target market and develop products and services according to the needs of their customers. * Tie up with other food beverage organizations to promote and diversify their brand. * Sponsor events like marathons, blood donation drives and cultural fests to attract the masses especially the younger generation to get involved with Sakae Holdings. * As part of Corporate Social Responsibility, Sakae Holdings should adapt eco-friendly practices like recycling, reusing and reducing the waste generated.Also they can contribute towards the environment by implementing energy saving practices like maintaining a constant temperature of 24 degrees while using air-conditioner. * By working with their suppliers they can research and develop new ways to store their inventories effectively by keeping it fresh and ready to use. * They should also develop ways to minimize their menu cycles and also save on fuel costs and reduce their carbon footprint. Appendix 1. 1 The 4Ps of Service Marketing References Apex-Pal International. (2009). Going Global- 2009. Retrieved 4 5, 2012, from Apex-Pal http//w ww. apexpal. om/Files/Apex-Pal%20AR09%20for%20SGX. pdf Apex-Pal. (2003, 8 18). The Innovative FB People. Retrieved 4 5, 2012, from ir. zaobao. com. sg http//ir. zaobao. com. sg/apexpal/pages/doc/apexpal_ipo_prospectus. pdf Apex-Pal International. (n. d. ). Whats Hot. Retrieved 4, 5, 2012, from Sakae Sushi http//www. sakaesushi. com. sg A simple goal to be the McDonalds of sushi. (2004, February 9). Business Times. Retrieved March 9, 2010, from Factiva. Carter, M. ,Overview of Roles and Responsibilities of Corporate Board of Directors. let off Management Library. Authenticity Consulting, LLC. Retrieved 2008-01-26. Capon, N. , 2009.Capons marketing framework, Wessex Publishing. Dalrymple, D. J. , Parsons, L. J. (2000). Sales promotion and public relations. In Dalrymple, D. J. , Parsons, L. J. , Basic Marketing Management (pp. 272-276). New York, United States of America John Wiley Sons. Japan-guide. com. (2008, 05 31). Sushi. Retrieved 04 10, 2012, from Japan-guide. com http//www. japan-guide. com/e/e2038. html Lamb, C. W. , Hair, J. F. , McDaniel, C. (2008). Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning. Lovelock, C. H. , Patterson, P. G. , Walker, R. H. (2007). Understanding service products, customers and employees. In Lovelock, Patterson, P. G. Walker, R. H. , Services Marketing (pp. 26-30). NSW, Australia Pearson Education Australia. Robert, H. (2000). Roberts Rules of order newly revised. Philadelphia Perseus Pub. Sakae Holdings Ltd. (2012, 2 28). Retrieved 4 5, 2012, from http//www. finanznachrichten. de http//www. finanznachrichten. de/pdf/20120228_172124_5DO_752F7CDF0A7BD282482579B2002082FC. 1. pdf The Contingency Planning Guide. (2002). Retrieved 4 5, 2012, from http//www. contingency-planning-disaster-recovery-guide. co. uk Theresianto, N. (2008, February 11). Apex-Pal expands its Sakae Sushi empire. The ring Singapore. Retrieved March 9, 2010, from Factiva.

An exploration of the theme of Deception, good or bad in ‘MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING (William Shakespeare)’ and ‘THE ROVER (Aphra Behn)’

Deception, the quality of existence fraudulent1 orto cause to take to as true or valid what is false and invalid2 is a major theme in both simulated military operations Much Ado about(predicate) Nothing and The Rover. However there is a certain dichotomy for fabrication here as it is both malign and benign, intentionally good and intentionally bad. A nonher proof of this is that the two plays be comedies meaning some deceptions have got to be taken lightheartedly and blithely. These are shown in benedick and Beatrices gulling and Lucettas gypping of Blunt aided by Sancho and Philippo.There are two main comic deceptions in Much Ado these are benign and harmless to the large number they are directed against. When Claudio professes his hit the hay for Hero to Pedro who strangely, directly tallyers his help to woo her for him, he at first sounds too eager to help his friend (as if he has something else in mind) but we soon learn his intentions are well meant.I leave assum e thy part in some disguise, and tell fair Hero I am Claudio and in her bosom Ill allow go of my heart and take her hearing prisoner with the force 3This of course acts as an introduction to the theme of deception and shows us, the audience how easy and tolerated deception is in the world of Messina .It shows how easy it is to control a persons life and valetipulate anyones feelings. This is reflected in the second example of the benevolent plans set by the characters the gulling or tricking of the two, presumably historic lovers, Benedick and Beatrice. This deception raft be awaitn as a white lie4 .The two characters are tricked by a larger assembly of characters including the respectable and estimable Leonato whose involvement is one of the main reasons the gulling was successfulI should think this is a gull but that white bearded fellow speaks it5This underlines that no character in Shakespeares world or in Messina is above deception. A unwrap example of this is the Friar s plan to delude the prince and ClaudioYour daughter here the princes, let her awhile be secretly kept in, and publish it that she is dead indeed6This shows that even a high-ranked holy/spiritual person could turn to deception. This is real another example of deception with good intent. The Friar deceives the princes to change the nasty accusations for sorrow and make everyone pity her and remember all her civilities and people will see her loveliness as more precious after she has asleep(p).Examples of deception in the rover include Pedros deception of his fathers orders for Florida to marry don vincentio and instead finds her a better suitor, Antonio who turns out to be an even worse suitor for going behind Pedros back to court Angelica, this causes them to fight and drives the two into a duel where Antonio yet again deceives Pedro by sending in Bellville to fight in his place. Bellville sees this as an opportunity to get Florinda, deceptively in Antonios name this minute let m e make Florinda exploit7 and expectantly, Willmore blows Belvilles cover and ruins their plan.The tricking of Beatrice and Benedick is shown in two of the most comic persuasions in the whole play, these guesss are also the best examples of deception in the play and this goes to show that a lighthearted or benign deception is very possible in Messina. It underlines the fact that deceit can be useful and can bring two people together even if its one of Hercules labours8.Beatrice and Benedicks scam can be used as a mirror for the gulling of blunt in The Rover but not in the sense that it brings two people together or in the sense that it ends happily but in the comic sense, it is the funniest scene in the play and so reflects that deception if taken lightheartedly can be benign or harmless.There are also examples of harmful deceptions which create the smuggled and ugly side of the world of Messina, the main catalyst for this is of course the Princes half brother, Don John. One crit ic9 blames his evilness on jealousy and/or the bitter impudence of a society that looks down on those like him who are conceived out of wedlock I personally believe he is just a normal villain, mere, unmixed evil, an ill-conditioned, base and tiresome scoundrel10 created by Shakespeare for the audience to hate and fear. Don Johns intentions are completely and utterly malefic. He tries to lecture Claudio into thinking Don Pedro is wooing Hero for himself- I heard him swear his affection in the masked ball.The audience is not so sure whether this is true or not since Don Pedro was very eager to get Hero for Claudio earlier but we soon learn Don John was simply being the scoundrel he is. One thing that can be setd is Don Johns deceptive tongue or his ability to persuade many or most of the other characters in the play easily. This is also true for Willmore in The Rover. He woos Angelica Bianca and gets her to sleep with him even though she was infuriated by him proceedings earlier for taking down her picture he turns it against her and rails at her for seducing him and all the other poor men who cannot afford her. He also leads her to deceive herself and Morettas soliloquy in this scene illustrates the extent to which Angelica has lost herself and her career which is the fate of most whores11 in her opinion.There is a certain double or mirrored idea in the two plays. Balthasars song12 is of course echoed without Much Ado, it is around deception it speaks, or the deceptive nature of men. This is mirrored through Wilmores defensive comment after being accused of cheating on Angelica he said For I never heard of a deathly man, that has not broke a thousand vows13.In another sense deception can be used to show who is boss, or to show off someones authority. For example the Prince of Aragon immediately marks his territory in Messina by grabbing the first opportunity he could, and that is through wooing Hero. By wooing Hero for Claudio he showed that he was the dominator or leader figure. Don Pedro also does that with Beatrice and Benedick and he succeeds in creating his mountain of affection14 and proof for this is that the pair are lovesick for one another. It is when Leonato falls under Pedro and Claudios side against his own daughter that we see the effects of the dominance Pedro gained from his earlier deceptions. Even though Leonato has seen Pedros deceptive nature in natural action he still follows himWould the two princes lie, and Claudio lie, who loved her so, that speaking of her foulness, washed it with tears? Hence from her, let her die15The audience here would feel charitable to Leonato. He is trapped and does not know who to believe but shortly falls on the Prince and Claudios side since the idea of the Princes lying is inconceivable to him. Lying was considered a much more serious offence in that time than it is nowadaysit was a diabolical trick because Satan t overaged Eve lies in the Garden of Eden, causing her to sin.1 6 This is another type of deception the play talks about, deceptive reputations. The prince, Claudio and Leonato are Shakespeares idea of the perfect gentlemen but they all seem to make up their decisions and take drastic measures to regain their honour almost immediately without any real tangible proof of Heros crimeI stand dishonoured, that have gone about to link my dear friend to a common stale. 17Another example of deception we encounter in the plays is deception between friends. Benedick in a sense deceives his friends in breaking the patriarchal code of friendship. This is quite shocking since he has known his friends longer than any of the people in Messina. Beatrice asks the messenger in a pun a good soldier to a lady, but what is he to a lord?18 .A Shakespearean audience would find this repugnant and not the appropriate behavior for a gentleman. Bonds between men, especially ones that were formed in war, were especially valuable and tight-knit in the Elizabethan era. This is also mirrored in The Rover, the cavaliers, almost one by one sell Don Pedro out by marrying his sisters and Valeria(their cousin) .Even though they are old friends, the cavaliers deceive Pedro, their friend for a woman. Some critics have argued that distrust of women is the basis of all male bonds19 this is true in The Rover Fredrick warns Bellville of Florindas intentions when she gave him the note with the instructions to realize herHave a care, sir, what you promise this may be a trap laid by her brother to ruin you20The cavaliers initial distrust of women is as clear as Benedicks initial misogynistic view of them. When Lucetta is introduced to Blunt all the men knew she was out to trick him, cheat him of all, then have him well-favourly banged, and turned out raw(a) at midnight. They, however do not warn Blunt but instead get a front row seat to watch the confusion of their friend begin.There are many instances of self-deception in both plays actually. For example Benedic k and Beatrice undergo a huge change in sentiment after their gulling. Both fall helplessly in love with each other even though they were self-declared heretics of love. Beatrice says she will not love a man until man be made from some other metal than earth21 and Benedick claims he will die a bachelor and will not be converted and see with (the) eyes (of love) only if he met the perfect woman which, as he describes, is quite an impossible scenario. It is important to note Shakespeares placement of this scene exactly before the one with the deception so we can contrast the two views, before and after the deception.The difference is crystal clear, Beatrice says Benedick, love on. I will requite thee22and that (her) kindness shall incite (him) to bind (their) loves up in a holy band23. Benedick says that he will be horribly in love with her24 and that when he said he would rather die a bachelor than fall in love (the scene before) he didnt think he would live until he was married. We notice the same with Wilmore from The Rover. His whole life got turned around in the last scene with capital of Montana when she convinced him to marry her and putting his past perpetually-amorous life behind him. He forgets his old ways and he is no longer the sexed up produce Captain25 who tries to rape Florindatwice and is continuously rejected by almost every female character in the play His promise which is the lot is now made26 is his everlasting goodbye to women and a welcome mat to the woman.He is completely self-deceived. Another similar example is Fredrick at the arising of the play we feel he has an unnatural distrust in women. He seems to warn every one of his friends about women, he even tries to get in on the action when Blunt tries to rape Florindaa barbarous revenge. Claudio also deceives himself into believing he is in love with Hero when really he has not even met her. He falls in love with her because of his esteemed first impression of her and mainly because she looks like a pure, good virgin which was considered of great wideness in Elizabethan England, a girls honour was entirely based on her chastity, if she loses that she would lose all social standing which is why the second thing he asks about her is is she not a modest young lady?.Don Pedro also deceives himself in thinking his brother, john the bastard has been washed clean and is now a clean and changed man. In reality he is the villain and the person behind every harmful deception in the play.The two plays both exhibit deception in the most ambidextrous of ways. It is both malevolent and benevolent, in the sense that the plays end happily through all the obstacles that have been set throughout it.

Modernization and Indigenous Cultures Essay

IntroductionModernization is the process of moving from farming and agricultural orderliness to an industrial society and it mainly deals with societies after the Industrial Revolution of the mid-18th century. Some key features of modern-dayization would be big(p), formal organizations and argonaicle of labor based on specialization of skills and abilities. in that respect is more control over environmental resources much(prenominal) as oil, water, land, and animals. There is similarly a distinct feeler in the quality of life during this clip. Because of a higher per capita income individuals are able to buy more goods and services, have more recreational time, and have break in housing and health care. Modernization preserve have both positive and negative do on society and can very much bring ab come out controversy. In this paper I will odour at casefuls of how modernization has affected cultures and usages around the world.TheoriesBefore we come along at the ef fectuate of modernization on different cultures we will look at a few specific theories concerning how modernization affects society and community. The German sociologist Ferdinand Tnnies (1855-1937) formed two theories concerning modernization which he called _Gemeinschaft_ and _Gesellschaft_. Ferdinand Tnnies viewed modernization as the progressive privation of human community _Gemeinschaft_. He also believed the Industrial Revolution weakened the social bond of families and communities by emphasizing the impersonal business attributes like money, efficiency, and self-interest _Gesellschaft_. Tnnies belief was that modernization turns societies inside out so that individuals are essentially separated in spite of uniting factors (Macionis, 2006, page 457).Peter Berger, whose execution was greatly influenced by Ferdinand Tnnies, identified four major characteristics of modernization the decline of diminutive, traditional communities, the working out of personal choice, increas ed social diversity, future oriented and higher focus on time. As we look at societies and cultures around the world we will see how these four characteristics play a large part in explaining the effects of modernization on each. There are other aspects of modernization that are not quite as appropriate for explaining the affects on indigenous cultures but should still be discussed.Other theorists such(prenominal) as Emile Durkeim, whose view of modernity differed from Tnniess in a more optimistic manner. He viewed modernization as a reposition from community based bonds to a community based on economic priorities division of labor. There was Max Weber, who thought that modern societies valued efficiency over tradition at that placefore, modern people will adjust to any intimacy that will allow them to attain their objective. Weber felt that for modern people, truth is the result of rational calculation. accordingly we have Karl Marx, who analyzed modernization as the ascendancy of industrial capitalism. He anticipated a socialist revolution that would lead to an egalitarian society. The problem with Marxs theories is that he had an idealistic view of how the world would work, and underestimated the dominance of bureaucracy in shaping modern societies (Macionis, 2006).Cultures and traditionsTraditional culture, in a broad sense, is human activity such as religion, philosophy, moral standards, laws, society, history, and art that have been intentional and passed on in a community or group over a long layover of time. Whether a society can survive modernization without losing its identity is the question that is debated by many people. In Asian countries such as Japan, Modernization has often been conf utilize with Westernization. This is partly collect to the fact that the supposition originated during the Industrial Revolution in England.It is also due to the fact that judge modernization often meant accepting a Western culture and its resulting fash ion of life. Many feel that Japan is a great example of how a thoroughly modern modal value of life can exist in a non-western society. Others get by that Japan has become distinctly more western as a result of its modernization. The main thing to understand about Japan is that it has perpetually been on the periphery of culturally developed countries such as China, and has become accustomed to accepting foreign developed cultures. The fact is that Japanese people have always had a great interest and curiosity in imported things, including religion and science. This is why Japan neer felt a strong resistance against the introduction of Western culture.Effects on FamilyThere was a United Nations study conducted in the mid-80s that examined the effects of modernization, urbanization, and industrial enterprise on the family structure. Part of the findings were focused on developing countries where wide-spread poverty was forcing families to migrate to areas where work could be foun d mainly large cities. Technology and ontogenesis have both positive and negative effects on family. It is true that there is usually an improvement in living conditions especially in the area of health care, income, living conditions, and education. On the other book it can lead families into an impoverished life, loss of social identity and traditions, and an effort to ever improved alteration with no regard for the effects on family life.Most would agree that the positive or negative effects of modernization on the family are not intentional, but a product of growingpopulation and ever-advancing technology. It can be said that few activities resulting from modernization have been geared explicitly towards families whether to reduce the negative effects or improving their well-being. There have been many changes in family structure due to modernization. Along with the change in roles and responsibilities within the family are changes in values. This includes a greater pressure t o adopt the values, culture, or viewpoints of the predominant group. The emphasis on individualism is probably pre-eminent among the values of developed societies. (Development and the family, 1985)There is a very large pressure on families and small communities to integrate into the dominant culture. Although there has been a long-term shift outside(a) from the extended family towards the nuclear family, the extended family is still regarded in or so instances (among rural-urban migrants, for one) as a way to bear upon social and cultural traditions while adapting to new circumstances and behaviors (Development and the family, 1985). It is inevitable that there will be clashes amid the dominant culture and that of family values.Industrialization and urbanizationThere are two key aspects of modernization in which we need to explore Industrialization and Urbanization. Both can be looked at as a by-product of modernization and have related affects on a societys culture and tradi tions. The effects of industrialization on a family, as with modernization, is influenced by the distance they must travel to acclimate themselves to the new way of life. Some of the pressures that a traditional family structure might face include work schedules that reduce the time a family spends together, less family production as a unit, and a diminished societal network due to migratory labor.In the U.N study mentioned above, urbanization is listed as the third major aspect of development impacting on family functioning, particularly the rapid growth of rural-to-urban migration (Development and the family, 1985). Some of the negative aspects of urbanization on family life would includereduced communication between family members, separation of family members and lack of communal support for urban migrants, more single-parent households and postponement of child-bearing. any of these factors affect how communities and families develop, and how their culture and traditional valu es are passed on.There are also areas like Sao Paulo in South the States where modernization has caused substantial population growth over the last 100 years. In the case of Sao Paulo, widespread coffee cultivation created sudden prosperity to a region that was fairly isolated. Then there was another population surge as manufacturing was established in the area. By the middle of the twentieth century Sao Paulo became the chief manufacturing center of Brazil. The problem with that much growth in a generally ridiculous country is the mass influx of people. With over-crowded cities come crime, air and noise pollution, traffic congestions, and most importantly a labor force that seriously outnumbers the available jobs (Cohen, 2004).Many individuals from outlying areas will continue to travel to this urban center in hopes of a better life, and most will end in continued poverty. Its executable that many will end up in areas like Prestes Maia. The largest squat in Latin America, just about 258 families, nearly 2,000 people, have crammed into this disused textile factory. Its 20 storys provide shelter for some of the poorest people in arguably the most unequal place on earth (Study in contrast, 2007). There is no daylong a sense of community in large cities like this. How can there be a local support network when each individual is busy looking after themselves.ConclusionMost people would probably say that globalization and modernization rarely cares for societies and culture, but that educational activity is not completely accurate. Cultures do not always have to modify themselves and adapt to the global changes that are being imposed upon them. There have been cases, like the Kayapo in Brazil, where natives used modern technology to divine service fight the intrusion of developers. In the case of the Kayapo people, they used videocameras to film treaty negotiations and then used them against the government when they tried to go back on their word. This seems to be the exception rather then the rule.In most cases though, the reality is that dominant cultures do overwhelm smaller indigenous cultures. Small communities and societies are often torn apart by the pull of large urban areas. Because of modernization there has been an increase in personal choice. With industrialization come more opportunities for an individual to choose there future. People no longer had to stay on the farm to ensure that the family would produce enough to survive. This also led to the decline of small traditional communities. Individuals and families would travel to where the opportunities were. The problem is that those that are left behind feel abandoned by those who migrate to the cities. This fact alone creates a cultural division between indigenous peoples.Central and South America are a classic example of how a dominant culture can completely crush out that of the indigenous people. The Portuguese and Spanish left a lasting impression on the indigenous way of life. That influence reached new heights during the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th century. Not only were the Europeans extracting recourses from the area, they were also introducing new ways of thinking, new technologies, and a new type of economy. It would be almost impossible for a lesser developed people to compete against the dominant culture of a technologically advanced society.ReferencesCohen, B. (2004). Urban Growth in Developing Countries A Review. _World__Development_, _32_, Retrieved March 06, 2008, fromhttp//www7.nationalacademies.org/dbasse/Cities_Transformed_World_Development_Article.pdfDevelopment and the family. (May 1985). _UN Chronicle_, 22, p.xix(2). Retrieved March 17,2008, from General OneFile via Galehttp//find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPSMacionis, J. J. (2006). Society The basics (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ PearsonPrenticeHall.Study in contrast. (2007, March 14). The Statesman,1. Retrieved March 6, 2008, fromProQuest Newsstan d database. (Document ID 1232854241).

Ingvar Kamprad Leadership Essay

Business Leader Profile Ingvar Kamprad Fo to a lower place of Ikea retail Stores Why Ingvar Kamprad? Does the add Ingvar Kamprad mean anything to you? To near people it doesnt and its a testament to the fact that he create up a brand that is so powerful people recognize it immediately, while non tying it into, or tied(p) knowing, the genius stub it. The brand? IKEA The reason why we chose this transaction drawing card is simpleton, Ingvar Kamprad is a business creation and the fo below of IKEA with an estimated worth of $22. 5 billion dollars.Kamprad was born in the s discloseh of Sweden in 1926 and raised on a further more or lessm called Elmtaryd, near the small colony of Agunnaryd. He is a slap-up attracter and adept amazing thing ab tabu him is that he went into business early in life, marketing matches as a schoolboy and also, very wisely for his age (or any age for that matter) Kamprad took his profits and utilise them to flip virtuosos wig his operations, addin g to his small line of dangerouss with decorations of Christmas trees, fish, and get outds. He was learning the operational side of retailing, and he was learning it quickly and profitably.When Kamprad did rise up in school, his dad rewarded his with some currency, and that was the seed to launch a troupe he named IKEA. He got the name from his initials I. K. , and thence added the EA from the name of the farm and the town he was raised in Elmtaryd and Agunnaryd. Dont think the caprice of a furniture company was brewing in the mind of Kamprad with his raw(a) company, he still focused on smaller items, and for the most part look to the business of securing contracts of supplying pencils. Like in his younger years, Kamprad curtly began to expand into all sorts of other areas, including everything from jewelry to male and female ccessories. He soon outgrew individual visits to customers and went into the position order business on the local level, having the milk trucks deliv er his products to his customers. When Kamprad foremost included furniture as part of the product line of IKEA, his idea was to use local manufacturers to keep costs low and under control. That was in 1947. By 1951, furniture sales were so successful, he decided to drop all other products and focus on the furniture line al nonpareil. The first furniture showroom opened in 1953, and the occupy is history.Almost immediately a price war started between IKEA and its chief competitor, and the inclusion of the showroom dished sway possible customers who were able to see and touch the tincture before making their purchases. Like more large(p) retailers, Kamprad was obsess with controlling costs, and dedicated to finding new ways to do things at a less bigger-ticket(prenominal) level. That has been one of the major reasons behind the ongoing success of IKEA furniture sales and profits. round people slump about to point out the fact that Kamprad has several properties he owns and so the frugal image is contrived.I charter to channelise issue with that, because the reason he can afford some of these things is because he remained frugal within the construct of his company, and so because he was able to put of instantaneous gratification, could then do whatever he wanted at once he became wealthy. While in that respect is some truth to the image part, it was also very much well(p) by Kamprad. Many people think being frugal is being bald-faced in a negative way, and yet those best at it are the ones that serve their customers and employees at the highest level by bad customers the best deals possible, while at the same time offering longevity to employees.The best definition that reflects the idea of attractership for Kamprad is Leadership is a kind of activity meant to influence behavior, beliefs and feelings of the mathematical group members in a authentic direction. (Wright, Peter L. and Taylor, David S. Improving Leadership Performance. slap -up Britain Prentice-Hall International Ltd 1984. p. 2). As Peter F. Drucker read The leaders who hold out most effectively, it bets to me, never say I. And thats non because they have train themselves not to say I. They gullt think I. They think we they think team. This idea is mostly base on a simple intelligence information, and that word is team. Every leader who has this trait is surely to have great success scarcely because they dont clear and take decisivenesss just on their own, they seek and welcome the booster of employees, one of those leaders being Kampard of course. If we go back to Niccolo Machiavelli, we can see that he once said that The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around him. and it a really smart and correct thesis, because in order for a leader to successfully empower his validation he needs employees, entirely not just any employee, they have to be creative, loyal and intellectual in order to really be useful to their organisation. So while cost control is a major part of the IKEA success story, the empowerment of its customers is as well, which is brought about from a highly committed and bright design team. Leaders position in organizational structure In an hierarchical system, participants take for granted what the participants with the higher position gets (Becker, 1998).In other words, social actors in the labor market consider what the professionals (leaders, professors, mass-media) define as leadership, considering that the privilege formal position brings privilege information and morality. This is not a valid argument if we look into the organizational structure at IKEA. Anecdotes about Kamprad abound. When his father complained that Ingvar slept late in the morning, Ingvar got himself an alarm clock, set it for six oclock, and yanked away the off only ifton. According to Kamprad, we should all divide our lives into 10-minute units, and sacrifice as so me of them as possible in meaningless activity. Though past 80, Kamprad still travels the knowledge domain to visit new IKEA stores. He flies economy class, calls his employees co- determineers, encourages everyone to dress informally, stays in cheap hotels and even replaces bottles from the hotel room mini-bar with cheap bottles bought in local supermarkets. He gives no interviews. As far as setting an example by means of his actions, Kamprad flies solitary(prenominal) economy class, drives a 15-year-old vehicle, and focuses on little things for his workers like writing on 2 sides of the paper, and other frugal practices. That has helped IKEA remain on the top of a highly competitive market.Critics of these stories say they seem intended to reinforce the companys no-nonsense brand and encourage cost-awareness among company staff. They point out that Kamprad may be the worlds richest man, that owns several lavish houses around the world, and that it would be ludicrous to win a man of much(prenominal) wealth would not use any of it for private purposes. If youve ever translate IKEA literature, catalogs or advertising, they reinforce their and Ingvar Kamprads motto of not only if existing to make improvements in the lives of people, but to improve people themselves.With that in mind, the way the stores themselves are set up and the design of the furniture built with the idea of being very simple to assemble, it generates the healthy idea of self-sufficiency, which helps empower people and make them feel true(p) about themselves. Leader or non-leader manager or leader If we would be to make a incline with leader and non-leader and manager traits we would easily see that Ingvar Kampard is a leader, not only that, he is a solid example for hundreds of people out there who thrive to amaze leaders themselves. If we look closely at Kampard we can see that he is a proactive an, he desires in people following examples, he motivates and inspires top result s and has great strategic orientation. If a leader is not like this, then as Abraham Maslow said If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail. . Based on interviews with employees at IKEA, Ingvar Kamprad is a good example of leadership because he strongly expresses the organisational harbor of IKEA through his behaviours. Thereby, all the IKEA employees (from top heed to co-workers) follow this organisational value as a framework.In addition, the leadership demeanor of management position also was influenced through strong organisational value. Employees have used descriptives such as component vex and father when verbalizeing about Ingvar Kamprad thereby denoting the familial nature of IKEA corporate finish. If we apply the model of leader vs. Manager described by Abraham Zaleznik Ingvar Kamprad is the epitome of business leader. All of this is based on his empathetic relationship with his co-workers and employees. By setting examples and inspiring, he also sets the companys everyplaceall direction by altering the direction of its employees.One of his subordinates characterises his leadership style as a teacher. Senge (1990) and Max de Pree(1990)s scheme deposits that a leader should be a teacher in the organization much of the leverage leaders can actually exert lies in helping people hit more accurate , more acutenessful and more empowering views of reality, when the leaders carrying out stewardship (Senge, 1990 353), according to Senge (1990). The roles that leaders should play is exactly how Kamprad has been doing for so long. creative thinking As Teresa M. Amabile once said Keep doing what you are doing.Or if you want to spark innovation, rethink how you motivate, reward, and assign work to people. What is business creativity? We tend to associate creativity with the arts and to think of it as the expression of higly schoolmaster ideas. Think of Pablo Picasso reinvented the conventions of painting or h ow William Faulkner redefined fiction. In business, originality isnt enough. To be creative, an idea must also be appropriate, useful and actionable. Within every individual, creativity is a function of triplet components expertise, creative-thinking skills and motif.Expertise is, in a word knowledge technical, procedual and intellectual. Creative-thinking skills determine how flexibly and imaginatively people hail problems. Do their solutions apend the spatial relation quo? Do they remain through dry spells? Not all motivation is created equal. An inner passion to solve the problem at hand leads to solutions far more creative than do external rewards, such as money. This compenent called intrinsic motivation is the one that can be most immediately influenced by the work environment.Senior manager at IKEA strongly thinks that IKEA is a creative organisation based upon home-furnishing company IKEA has to be creative within value competency and cost conscious. This reason ma kes IKEA differ from other companies because it is not easy to produce a good product at low price. Furthermore, IKEA has a strong organisational value that every employee should concern as follows Togetherness personify consciousness Respect Simplicity IKEA follows a model of family business because at its inception, Ingvar Kamprad was developing it as a family business which eventually grew to outstanding proportions.Due to this, most of his own ideeas like the simplicity and togetherness have actually become some of the companys most important organizational aspects. IKEA is an passing creative organisation because IKEA allows employees to work in freedom and are open for trying new ideas. To demonstrate clearly, when employees have concepts, it is important to express their concepts to the manager in order to consider whether it is possible to develop and make this concept concrete. The respondent emphasises that It does not take a long time, if you have a really good idea .This creative idea result be developed and spread out to use at every store of IKEA in the world Moreover, the organisation also encourages employees to continually learn from their own experience and also others experiences such as co-workers. As a result, employees are able to complete their own t drives as well as generate new ideas that make IKEA varied from other companies. Leadership styles Leadership style is the personal manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans, and motivating people. Kurt Lewin (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leadership.After a complete analisys of all three styles(autocratic, democratic and delegative) we have reached the conclusion that Ingvar Kampard is most of the times a Participative(democratic) leader. This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making adjoin (determining what to do and how to do it). However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Using this style is not a sign of weakness, sooner it is a sign of military unit that your employees will respect. But of course, he is not always employ this style, since every problem requires a different style.Besides the fact that Kamprad is one of the wealthiest living people, he is also an impressive leader. The leadership style he embodies is one of personal example. Though he has billions of dollars, Ingvar is reluctant to a life in luxury. People confess visual perception him haggling in the market and dining together with his wife in cheap, dirty places. His image makes up for billion words. B lack worn out shoes, cheap glasses and a grey faded coat dress up the billionaire in most of his rendezvous. Taxis are substituted with public transportation like busses and subways and, luxurious jets with cheap airlines.By his daily routine and his habits of living in an artificial poverty, Ingvar Kamprad embodies the average IKEA customer. I look at the money Im ab out to spend on myself and ask if IKEA customers could afford it. If I start to acquire luxurious things then this will only incite others to follow suit . Ingvar considers himself to be an example for all others and tries to appear as a normal individual. In A Furniture Dealers Testament, Kamprad suggests that IKEA people do not drive flashy cars or stay at luxury hotels. , How the hell can I ask people who work for me to travel cheaply if I am traveling in luxury? he asks. Its a question of good leadership. From a young age, Ingvar learned what working hard meant and what a strong bound rightfully is. He is a preacher of the religion of simplicity and during over fractional a speed of light, along the constant growth of his company, numerous others joined in. According to Plato, the mob is a big and dangerous animal which must not be underestimated. What kind of strategy could work with masses rather than a leader of their position? Governments have fallen and people died al ong time only to defend the need of having a representative leader which could alike them.Ingvar Kamprad succeeded in building up a truly simple and productive leadership style only by regarding himself as equal as and never more important than the commoner. Nicolo Machiavelli stated Religion is not important because of the truth it holds but because of its efficiency in maintaining control over masses. In our case we have little to do with angry mobs but with the angry way in which money are wasted by a company or individual in matter of costs. Kamprad understood this fact and built a distinctive corporate culture which comprehended his true nature.In contrast, the famous RJR enjoyed the expense of private planes and luxury and unlike our billionaire, success was only departure by. Warren Buffets mentality resembles the one IKEAs Founder and together with the mindset, the income is comparable. Coming over again to Plato, the philosopher once said Those who rule must provetheir l eadership abilities. A person can be trained to be a good ruler, but we have to distinguish between superficial competencies (oratory) and pro establish competencies (developed with the help of philosophy). The ruler has to guard not only the peaceon the ship but also to know which wayto sail and ow. Ingvars thinking is flexible and innovative. Mistakes are praised and considered as the most important link to success. He is without regard a transformational leader. His style motivates people and defines a new way of thinking. Ingvar also connects with his followers and is a source of vehemence for younger generations. Bernard M. Bass, after exs of research and experimentation, regards transformational leaders as the leaders who recognize the needs of the followers and in addition tends to go further and satisfy higher needs of the follower.All of these actions are aimed to propel the follower on a higher tier in Maslows hierarchy of needs. Whereas common leadership or transaction al leadership seeks only to maintain the satisfaction of the individual, transformational leadership looks into enchanting the well-being of the followers in order to achieve a higher outcome alongside with their happiness and devotedness. This gap between the leadership styles is what I believe to be the main reason for the existence of excellent, world-changing people, in contrast with the unsuccessful ones.Their view of the world is their most precious asset and how they regard to others is the main secret of conquering unreached heights. Due to the fact that Ingvar Kamprad has a unique way to behave with the employees of IKEA and tries to enrich them with traits so important for the success of some(prenominal)(prenominal) the corporation and the employees leadership skills, I believe that Kamprad is a brilliant representative of Basss beliefs. Kamprad could also be considered to be a Level 5 leader according to Jim Collinss Good to Great. Ingvar greets the uncommon and is on a constant quest for taking apart obstacles which lie between ruin and success.His constant struggle for reaching excellence in everything he does could be clearly seen in the process which I would like to call building the empire of self. His focus on the main purpose, the one of bringing innovative furniture in each and every household and changing the lives of many by simplifying their existence, assured his success and the stance of one of the sterling(prenominal) business managers and leaders to have ever existed. A Napoleon of the furniture industry, Kamprad was. Close to followers, talented and emotionally involved were some principles he used during his reign.Thus many would say he received divine help, he started as a common man. Only his devotion and hard work make the difference. Garry Gemmill and Judith Oakley refer to a leader as a Messiah or a savior and hardly agree with the concept of a leader as a creator. Moreover, they state that Leadership is nothing else but a myth propagated in order to keep everybody else quiet and nice. . They faculty be right but in my consideration, this words do not apply to the hero we tumble in this project. Ingvar strongly encourages creative discussions within the company and his actual position is one of a leant and a symbol of excellence.David Goleman on the other hand expresses, in his work What makes a Leader? some traits which could help us identify other traits of the IKEA Giant. Goleman places a great emphasis on emotional intelligence and connects the status of a leader according to it. The main skills David puts behind a glorious leader are Self-awareness, Self-regulation, pauperism and the abilities to relate to others Empathy, and Social Skill. Ingvar seems gifted with emotional intelligence when managing people and events. Happiness is in his opinion the greatest asset an IKEA worker should possess.An excellent business man and an excellent time manager he be to be during many occasions and time only knows when the world could inherit another great leader such as Ingvar Kamprad, the Swedish Scotsman. Conflict management style The Ikean culture, which was directly linked to Scandinavian culture, cherished simplicity and informality, frugality, humbleness, responsibility, and the constant will to renew. The company initially sold furniture provided by numerous suppliers. As time passed, competition started to corrupt the suppliers and as a result, Ingvar decided never to trust others than himself.It was a twist point in the history of IKEA which now started to produce its own furniture. A moment of conflict and lack of trust turned into a brilliant idea and started to place the organization on the path to success. another(prenominal) turning point in Ikean history was by the time an employee decided to disassemble the furniture in order to transport it by car. Kamprad saw this particularly in substantive moment of conflict as a possibly gorgeous opportunity for the fu ture. From that point onward, the furniture company started to differentiate and build up not just furniture but a light, innovative, easy to use and cheap type of furniture.The most significant property Ingvars furniture has is its ability to be assembled by the customer and offer him the joy of put the puzzle pieces together. Price was amazing. IKEA furniture was 50% cheaper than the competition and besides this important factor it was more than companionate and practical. Ingvar once was accused of being a Nazi supporter due to the fact that he tended to(p) to their meetings on numerous occasions. The conflict took a serious impact on Ingvars personality and started to slipperiness its public perception in a truly negative way.However, the conflict was in some manner consumed when Kamprad still letters of apology to all his employees and people whom he disappointed. He recognized that he made a mistake and that it was a dark chapter in his existence which shouldnt have happe ned. Questioning the status quo is Ingvars best way in dealing with every daylight problems and through his successful career they were many. To have with, the more IKEA grew, the more Ingvars problems developed. Alcohol, Nazi support and deaths at the opening of a store were only the biggest of them.Despite the severity of the problem, the modesty, humanity and determination always brought Ingvar on the right track. For the IKEA founder, conflict never ceased to be functional. It helped both him and the employees remain focused and constructive. It generated growth, activated learning, maintained excellent interpersonal skills and gave a different perspective over issues. The main conflict management style of his was collaborating. In almost every occasion he and the employees form a team and everyone is expected to contribute with anything they can.Departments are structured on the philosophy of sharing ideas and support. Also, there is a win-win situation between IKEA and its cu stomers. On the one side, IKEA has tremendous profit margins (about 16% almost two times higher than other furniture retailers) and sells for tens of billions annually and on the other side, the customer benefits from exceptional quality and practicability for the given money. Ingvars mentality (comprehended by the Business Harvard Review How Management Teams Can ease up a Good Fight) is one of creating common goals. The company and he was an impeccably motivated and determined group of people.Creative and interpersonal relations are also highly praised within a company and IKEA makes no exception. In his work, Kenneth W. Thomas, refers more and more to the importance of conflict in an organization. Throughout a sustained study of the great players in the corporate world, the mesmerizing power of a poorly managed conflict is revealed. Too many companies possess great reductions in income and performance due to this mostly overlooked default. Using a bi-dimensional representation, Thomas verbalized the whole conflict issue using 5 elements Avoiding, Accommodating, Compromising, Competitive and Collaborative.The IKEA model works entirely based on the Collaborative model due to the fact that it is mostly a win-win situation in which both the company and the employee reach a high level of fulfillment. Conflict can also be managed using a system of rewards resembling the one parents use for their children. It efficacy be unexpected but I believe this is an awesome way to educate outsiders and to make them behave according to a reward. Despite the fact that it might be a bit manipulative, the rewards system is a good way to achieve a soft work environment.However, if good is not enough for a company, this system could be substituted by one composed of amazing people, highly talented and qualified personnel which requires little training and can propel the company to new heights. The ideal way in which I believe conflict could be turned into a powerful creativ e force is through the use of Virtuoso Teams. Despite the fact these kinds of teams require a constant action and an important continuous goal. Jeff Weiss and Jonathan Hughes express in their Accept-And Actively Manage Conflict the fatality of conflict in a prosperous working environment.After and during the Industrial Revolution, people and mostly employees were kept under and oppressive working regime which limited their creativity and power to change their condition. Riots were common and worker unions started to prosper. However, the work was dull and no sane man could cope with it more than a few years. Now, a century ulterior, conflict is comprehended as a powerful tool. Just thinking about the Olympiads or a race between two close booster shots is more than enough in order to have an insight into the invisible motivation a challenge releases.The same principle applies in the development of Ikean furniture. People have a Vojna Idej (War of the Ideas) and as a result breakth roughs occur. However, due to the fact this war of ideas is hardly sustainable in time, there must be a boundary composed of the corporate vision and goal. I believe that none of the amazing commercials and ways of presenting the company could have emerged without a nearly balanced conflict management system. Weather we think of the cleverly designed buss stations or the exquisite TV commercials, IKEA is a sign of greatness. EthicsBusiness ethics (also corporate ethics) is a form of applied ethics or professional ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. It applies to all aspects of business conduct and is relevant to the conduct of individuals and entire organizations. Business ethics reflects the philosophy of business, one of whose aims is to determine the of import purposes of a company. If a companys purpose is to maximize shareholder returns, then sacrificing profits to other concerns is a assault of its fiduc iary responsibility.Kamprad began to develop a business as a young boy, selling matches to neighbors from his bicycle. He found that he could buy matches in bulk very cheaply from Stockholm, sell them individually at a low price, and still make a good profit. From matches, he expanded to selling fish, Christmas tree decorations, seeds, and later ballpoint pens and pencils. When Kamprad was 17, his father gave him a cash reward for succeeding in his studies. IKEA was founded in 1943 at his uncle Ernsts kitchen table. In 1948, Kamprad diversified his portfolio, adding furniture.His business was mostly-mail order. The acronym IKEA is made up of the initials of his name (Ingvar Kamprad) plus those of Elmtaryd, the family farm where he was born, and the nearby village Agunnaryd. Kamprad has lived in Epalinges, Switzerland since 1976. According to an interview with TSR, the French language Swiss TV broadcaster, Kamprad drives a 15-year-old Volvo 240, flies only economy class, and encourag es IKEA employees always to write on both sides of a paper. He reportedly recycles tea bags and is cognize to pocket the salt and pepper packets at restaurants. In addition, Kamprad has been known to visit IKEA for a cheap meal. He is also known to buy Christmas paper and presents in post-Christmas sales. The firm he created is still known for the economic aid it gives to cost control, operational details and continuous product development, allowing it to lower its prices by an of average 2-3% over the decade to 2010, while continuing its global expansion. Kamprad explains his social philosophy thusly in his A Furniture Dealers Testament, It is not only for cost reasons that we avoid the luxury hotels.We dont need flashy cars, impressive titles, uniforms or other status symbols. We rely on our strength and our will Despite this, Kamprad allows himself some luxuries he owns a villa in an upmarket part of Switzerland, a large country estate in Sweden, and a vineyard in Provence, F rance he also drove a Porsche for several years. Ingvar Kamprad had made two big mistakes. From 16 to 25, Kamprad was a friend and follower of Per Engdahl, the leader of the quasi-fascist, pro-Nazi Neo-Swedish movement. Engdahl attended Kamprads first wedding in 1950.Kamprad only terminated his involvement in 1951. When the scandal broke in the early 1990s, Kamprad wrote to his employees You have been young yourself. And perhaps you find something in your juvenility you now, so long afterwards, think was ridiculous and stupid. In that case, you will understand me better. He also apologized in a television interview and said he had not fully understood what the Neo-Swedish movement was about. And the indorse happened while working with furniture manufacturers in Poland earlier in his career, Kamprad became an alcoholic.He has, however, stated that his drinking is now under control. In 1947, Kamprad introduced furniture into the IKEA product line. The use of local manufacturers all owed him to keep his costs down. The furniture was a hit, and in 1951, Kamprad decided to discontinue all other product lines and focus on furniture. In 1953, the first IKEA showroom opened. It came about because of competitive pushs. IKEA was in a price war with its main competitor. The showroom allowed people to see it, touch it, feel it, and be sure of the quality before buying.Kamprads vision has been the driving force behind IKEAs succcess. IKEA hires its own designers, who have received numerous awards over the years. Kamprad believes that the company exists not just to improve peoples lives, but to improve the people themselves. The self-service store design and ease of assembly of their furniture are not merely cost controls, but an opportunity for self-sufficiency. This vision is reinforced in their advertising and catalog, as well. Kamprad has been extremely shrewd in creating IKEAs organizational structure.It is owned ultimately by a Dutch trust controlled by the Kamprad family, with various holding companies handling different aspects of IKEAs operations, such as franchising, manufacturing, and distribution. IKEA even has an investment banking arm. Kamprad has repeatedly resisted pressure to take the company public, feeling that it would slow their decision-making processes that have allowed their phenomenal growth. On a final shade This leader and founder of IKEA is an Old School Business man that made mistakes in his immatures. His mistakes were that of an average teen that dreamed at glory and power or of that of an overworked man.He weakes up at 5am in the morning, every day and sometimes arrives at the IKEA store before the first truck. Ingvar Kamprad treats all his employees with respect and calls them co-workers, he recycles and he tries to carry his employees not to buy expensive cars and big villas in countries that are reprezented as dots on the World map. Ingvar Kamprad built IKEA from scratch and he worked very hard so that the com apany became what it is today. Finally, he is a man that was interested in being a business man since he was a child.He is a much respected man and a wonderful example for future leaders and it was a pleasure for our team to work out together in order to realize this portfolio about Ingvar Kampard. I hope you enjoyed reading our essay as much as we enjoyed writing it. ( Questions Are there strong parallels between hypothesis and organizational environment, reflecting your mind of reality? -Based on our understandings the reason for that is most experiences in organizations have autonomous processes which are self-replicating and form themselves willy-nilly by group decision.Theory is embedded only when it is actually considered firsthand Did you use various perspectives to analyze the leader? -We have extended our search into various perspectives about Ingvar Kampard, such as private life, workplace and even his fun time. How many problems or bugs did you identify in the theory o r practice of leadership? -As far as weve gone into research, we were not able to find many bugs in the practice or the theory of our leader, only minor mistakes that are now buried underneath the ground. Do you have a overcritical approach to leadership? Our approach towards leadership is pretty much critical but not to a higher extent Did you use tables, logical schemes or graphics to illustrate your ideas? -At our meetings we needed to put up our ideas somewhere so we used logical schemes that we followed and established by ourselves and after that we transferred the info onto paper. Are your ideas backed-up by evidence? The evidence is provided in the form of surveys and results conducted by people with authority to perform such research. Some evidence may be anecdotal, lacking any form of statistical analysis.However most of the data is falsifiable (both in theory and practice) hence observable in different ways, so that reality can speak for itself instead of giving evidence or proving points. Did you use relevant and important papers/authors? -We have used relevant and also important papers/authors/articles. Did you use both academic and professional sources? -Yes we did. One of our most important sources were the Harvard Business Reviews Reference fondatorul-ikea/ pic